Survey Report
Nike in Asia and Indonesia
Apart from a brief but unsuccessful experiment with
manufacturing in the u.s., Nike shoes are always made in Asia, initially in
Japan, then South Korea and in Taiwan, and more recently in China and Southeast
Asia.
Nike began production in South Korea and Taiwan in
1972, because attracted by the cheap labor there, and was soon joined by other
companies including Adidas and Reebok.
But Nike went a step further. Instead of having its
own factory, they contracted a local production in Korea and Taiwan.
As the company Nike boss Phil Knight said:
"there is no definite value in making something of it. That value will be
added by careful research, innovation and marketing "(Katz 1994). Nike
products are now basically follows the idea of a designer and marketer of
shoes. The industry was conducted by the Korea and Taiwan suppliers. Once again,
other companies follow this model.
In the 1980s the Nike tried to make production in
China, in partnership with State-owned companies, but it instead wreaked
disaster. Nike rose to move its investments into Taiwan. Nike then took
advantage of the labor cost is cheaper there.
In the late 1980s with the existence of labor
unrest in South Korea,-an increase in the level of wages and loss of control of
the workplace by authority of Korea-has made the country become less attractive
to investors, both foreign and domestic, who began to search for another
location is more enjoyable. Nike then moved their operations to the South of
Thailand and Indonesia, in search of cheaper labor and no hassle. Wages in
these two countries was mentioned as one of the cheap because only one-fourth
the rate of wear is paid in South Korea. Some of Nike's Association based in
Taiwan was also established in Southeast Asia.
Another reason for this shift is that, in 1988,
both South Korea and Taiwan to lose special access to the u.s. market, which
has long as they enjoy the status of "developing countries" under the
General system of Preferences (GSP). Korea and Taiwan investors then moved to
the factory in Thailand, Indonesia and China with the use of GSP privileges
making poor countries.
Of the seven top supplier of Nike sports shoes in
1992, three Taiwan companies are producing their products in China, the other
three operate in South Korea, and also in Indonesia, one is a company in
Thailand.
Nike in Indonesia
Nike has been operating in Indonesia since 1988 and
almost a third of the shoes that exists today is a product of it. In a press
interview in December 1994, the Coordinator of the Nike company in Indonesia,
Tony Band, said the company used in Indonesia totaled 11 contractors. Among
them is former associate company Nike base in South Korea and Taiwan--who was
also at the same time producing for other brands such as Reebok, Adidas and
Puma.
The relationship between Nike and the contractor in
Indonesia close enough. Every personnel Nike factories in Indonesia at every
check the quality and workmanship that meets the stringent requirements of
Nike.
Most of the factories producing for Nike is located in
a newly developed area for light industry in Tangerang and Serang, West of
Jakarta. At a factory belonging to Korea (and some belonging to Indonesia also)
Management Summit held by the people of Korea. Middle-level managers and
supervisors can also originate from Korea or Indonesia. But all production
workers come from Indonesia, especially young women in the age group 16-22, the
workers are usually derived from Java.
Sumber : http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/inveafstors/annual_report/ar_07/docs/10k.pdf
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.
